益母草属萜类化学成分及其药理作用研究进展

益母草属植物中的化合物类型多样、结构丰富,其中萜类化合物是目前发现数量最多的一类,同时具有广泛的生物活性。因此,作者对益母草属萜类化合物及其药理活性进行总结归纳,为该属萜类化合物的进一步研究提供参考。     

推进“健康中国”行动的以点带面策略研究

推进“健康中国”行动要落脚在个人健康行动上,而发动自我健康行动的根本动力是责任,责任动力带动利益动力形成供需两端发力,并通过社会协同,以社区卫生服务为抓手,通过家庭医生签约服务对社区家庭健康负责,指导和管理家庭及个人健康行动,以点带面推动“健康中国”行动呈现全民健康行动的局面。     

Measuring conduction velocity distributions in peripheral nerves using neurophysiological techniques

ObjectiveTo determine how long it takes for neural impulses to travel along peripheral nerve fibers in living humans.MethodsA collision test was performed to measure the conduction velocity distribution of the ulnar nerve. Two stimuli at the distal and proximal sites were used to produce the collision. Compound muscle or nerve action potentials were recorded to perform the measurements on the motor or mixed nerve, respectively. Interstimulus interval was set at 1–5 ms. A quadri-pulse technique was used to measure the refractory period and calibrate the conduction time.ResultsCompound muscle action potential produced by the proximal stimulation started to emerge at the interstimulus interval of about 1.5 ms and increased with the increment in interstimulus interval. Two groups of motor nerve fibers with different conduction velocities were identified. The mixed nerve showed a wider conduction velocity distribution with identification of more subgroups of nerve fibers than the motor nerve.ConclusionsThe conduction velocity distributions in high resolution on a peripheral motor and mixed nerve are different and this can be measured with the collision test.SignificanceWe provided ground truth data to verify the neuroimaging pipelines for the measurements of latency connectome in the peripheral nervous system.     

The Fruits of Xanthium sibiricum Patr: A Review on Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Activities, and Toxicity

In recent years, drug development and research have gradually shifted from chemicalsynthesisto biopharmaceutical and natural drugs. Natural medicines, such as traditional Chinese medicine, have been among the first studied because of their long medicinal history, simplicity, and the relatively low cost of research. Among them, Xanthii Fructus (XF) is famous for the treatment of sinusitis. In this article, the achievements of research on XF from 1953 to 2020 are systematically reviewed, focusing on the aspects of chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, clinical applications, toxicity and side effects, and processing methods. To date, there have been significant advancesin both the phytochemistry and pharmacology of XF. Some traditional uses have been validated and clarified in modern pharmacologicalstudies. However, its mechanism of action in the treatment of allergic diseases has not been satisfactorily explained. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are required to rationally develop new drugs and to elucidate the therapeutic potential of XF. A comprehensive evaluation of XF and an understanding of network pharmacology are also needed.     

化浊解毒方对溃疡性结肠炎的治疗作用及机制

目的探讨化浊解毒方治疗溃疡性结肠炎(UC)的治疗作用及机制。方法120例UC患者按照随机数字表法分为观察组、对照组各60例。观察组予中药化浊解毒方口服,每日1剂,早晚2次温服;对照组予美沙拉嗪肠溶片口服,1.0 g/次,3次/d。2组疗程均4周。对比2组治疗前后Geboes指数、结肠镜下黏膜表现、生活质量评分、疾病活动指数及血清炎性因子IL-8、IL-35水平,凝血指标血清FIB水平,统计治疗后1年内复发情况。结果治疗后,观察组Geboes指数、疾病活动指数及血清炎性因子IL-8水平、凝血指标血清FIB水平均较本组治疗前降低,生活质量评分、血清炎性因子IL-35水平升高(P<0.05);且观察组治疗后疾病活动指数及血清炎性因子IL-8水平、凝血指标血清FIB水平均低于对照组,生活质量评分、血清炎性因子IL-35水平均高于对照组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,治疗组糜烂、溃疡改善不明显(P>0.05),充血水肿、颗粒样变等肠镜表现改善情况均优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗结束1年观察组复发率为10.64%,对照组为23.53%,2组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论化浊解毒方能改善UC患者临床症状,修复肠黏膜病理损伤,降低复发率;其机制可能与调节血清炎性因子IL-8、IL-35和凝血因子FIB水平有关。     

加味甘草干姜汤联合维生素B12治疗复发性口腔溃疡的临床效果

目的：探讨加味甘草干姜汤联合维生素B12治疗复发性口腔溃疡（ROU）的临床效果。方法：选取2016年8月至2018年8月重庆市人民医院收治的ROU患者124例作为研究对象，随机分成观察组和对照组，每组62例。对照组口服维生素B12治疗，观察组在此基础上内服加味甘草干姜汤治疗，疗程均为14 d。比较2组疗效及安全性。结果：观察组总有效率达96.8%（60/62），显著高于对照组85.5%（53/62），差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与治疗前比较，2组治疗后疼痛指数、溃疡面积和平均溃疡期均显著改善，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），外周血CD3+、CD4+水平和CD4+/CD8+比值及唾液中链球菌、韦荣菌数量均显著上升，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），外周血CD8+水平均显著下降，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；且观察组比对照组对以上指标的改善更显著，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。2组均未见明显不良反应。随访6个月，观察组复发率为11.3%（7/62），较对照组的25.8%（16/62）显著降低，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：加味甘草干姜汤联合维生素B12治疗ROU的整体疗效确切，可能与其显著纠正外周血T淋巴细胞亚群免疫失衡、维持口腔微环境稳态有关。     

Network pharmacology used to decode potential active ingredients in Ferula assafoetida and mechanisms for the application to Alzheimer’s disease

BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that primarily manifests as progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment. Traditional herbal medicines may be helpful in the discovery of new anti-AD drugs. Studies have shown that Ferula assafoetida has neuroprotective and memory-enhancing effects, which may be beneficial for the treatment of AD. However, the combination of active ingredients and their mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to identify potential active ingredients in F. assafoetida and their mechanisms of action against AD by using network pharmacology.MethodsIn our study, an integrated network pharmacological approach, that included adsorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion screening, target identification, network construction, topological analysis, gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis, and molecular docking, was used to predict the pharmacological material basis and potential mechanisms through which these ingredients may treat and prevent AD.ResultsThe results indicated that 12 key active ingredients, obtained by topological analysis (including farnesiferol a, conferol, farnesiferol b, ferulic acid, etc.), may be the primary pharmacological components that may ameliorate AD. The 2 key significant pathways identified are the cholinergic synapse signaling pathway (critical targets include ACHE, CHRM1, CHRM2, MAPK1, PIK3CA, PIK3CB, PIK3CD, and PIK3CG) and the AD signaling pathway (critical targets include APP, BACE1, GSK3B, MAPK1, NCSTN, NOS1, PSEN1). These critical targets are closely related to the regulation of three typical pathological features of AD [central nervous system (CNS) cholinergic hypofunction, amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins]. Finally, 14 critical targets in the 2 key significant pathways were validated by molecular docking analysis.ConclusionF. assafoetida may be effective for alleviating AD symptoms, through multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway synergistic effects, associated with the multiple pathogenesis hypotheses of AD. Our study may provide certain clues for the further development and utilization of this natural herbal medicine.     

牡丹皮的现代药学研究进展

牡丹皮为毛茛科植物牡丹的干燥根皮,临床常用中药,具有活血化瘀,清热凉血之功效。系统总结了近年来对牡丹皮的化学、提取、分析及药理等现代研究与应用基本现状,发现牡丹皮中含有酚及酚苷类、单萜及其苷类、三萜等大量复杂类型化学成分,且牡丹皮及所含牡丹酚及其糖苷类成分具有较强的抑菌抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗心律失常、降糖、激活机体免疫系统及保护心血管等多种作用。     

Humerus osteology,myology, and finite element structure analysis of Cheloniidae

Adaptation of osteology and myology lead to the formation of hydrofoil foreflippers in Cheloniidae (all recent sea turtles except Dermochelys coriacea) which are used mainly for underwater flight. Recent research shows the biomechanical advantages of a complex system of agonistic and antagonistic tension chords that reduce bending stress in bones. Finite element structure analysis (FESA) of a cheloniid humerus is used to provide a better understanding of morphology and microanatomy and to link these with the main flipper function, underwater flight. Dissection of a Caretta caretta gave insights into lines of action, that is, the course that a muscle takes between its origin and insertion, of foreflipper musculature. Lines of action were determined by spanning physical threads on a skeleton of Chelonia mydas. The right humerus of this skeleton was micro-CT scanned. Based on the scans, a finite element (FE) model was built and muscle force vectors were entered. Muscle forces were iteratively approximated until a uniform compressive stress distribution was attained. Two load cases, downstroke and upstroke, were computed. We found that muscle wrappings (m. coracobrachialis magnus and brevis, several extensors, humeral head of m. triceps) are crucial in addition to axial loading to obtain homogenous compressive loading in all bone cross-sections. Detailed knowledge on muscle disposition leads to compressive stress distribution in the FE model which corresponds with the bone microstructure. The FE analysis of the cheloniid humerus shows that bone may be loaded mainly by compression if the bending moments are minimized.     

地黄饮子治疗暗痱证研究概况

地黄饮子是治疗暗痱证的重要方剂，但历代医家对其具体组方多有歧义，病因病机也较为混乱，令人难以理解与把握。其中《圣济总录》卷五十一方为常用方，主治瘖痱证，现代医家常将其应用于中风后遗症的诊疗中。本文从组方意义、药理机制、现代临床应用叙述地黄饮子治疗暗痱证的研究概况，以期更好地服务于临床。